Analysis On Reduced Nicotine Content For Cigarettes

Katherine Kim Health Psychology Paper Option A November 18, 2015 Analysis on Reduced-Nicotine Content for Cigarettes Smoking is a major problem concerning public health. It comes with many side effects that affect not only the smoker, but also victims of secondhand smoke and even thirdhand smoke. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide that affects at least 6 million people a year. Previous research has shown that smokers die an average of 15 years earlier than non-smokers. Eric C. Donny, Ph.D, along with several other researchers, proposed that in order to decrease smoking’s impact on public health, the nicotine content of cigarettes should be limited to a non addictive level. This idea was first introduced by Benowitz and Henningfield, who published a commentary on the reduction of nicotine content in tobacco products. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the authority to reduce, but not completely eliminate, nicotine from tobacco products if such action is likely to benefit public health (Donny 1341). Results from previous small studies suggest that reduced-nicot ine cigarettes have several benefits including reduced smoking, reduced nicotine exposure, reduced dependence, increased abstinence, and decreased withdrawal-related discomfort (Donny 1341). This study investigates the effects of lowered nicotine content versus normal nicotine content in cigarettes. Significant results from this study can change current guidelines on the contents andShow MoreRelatedE Cigarettes And The Electronic Cigarette931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe electronic cigarette: a product designed to release aerosol by heating a liquid cartridge containing propylene glycol, glycerol, flavoring additives, and/or nicotine (Grana et al. 6). E-cigarettes use a plastic tube and an electronic heating element to stimulate a liquid cartridge. A nicotine-containing vapor, with few harmful elements, is released from the cartridge and inhaled by the user. (Franck et al. 2). In 2012, a European Commission study on awareness of e-cigarettes concluded that two-thirdsRead MoreResearch Project On Smoking Tobacco Cigarettes3740 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Smoking tobacco cigarettes has been recognized as the leading cause of lung cancer and other health related illnesses in the developed world. But there is a new emergence of electronic cigarettes, which can deliver nicotine without the vast range of carcinogens and toxins found in a regular tobacco cigarette. Of course, this is a very controversial topic in which creates a dilemma, some people approve the use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes. In the other hand thereRead MoreThe Biological and Psychological Impact of Smoking Cigarettes4626 Words   |  19 PagesBiological and Psychological Impact of Smoking Cigarettes I have been set the assignment to construct a detailed and comprehensive scientific essay. The essay must be related to an area of the AS course(AQA). I have decided to do my essay on the biological and psychological impacts of smoking cigarettes. I will provide a brief section on the history of smoking and cigarettes. I will then discuss the composition and contents of cigarettes and the biological and psychologicalRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking 2118 Words   |  8 PagesMore people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemicals, over 200 poisons, and over 50 human carcinogens. The toxins in cigarette smoke include carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl- isocyanate (Yarkony, 1993). The cigarette smoke contains nitrosamines, which cause cancer of the lung, respiratory system, and other organs; aromatic amines, which lead to the bladderRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4909 Words   |  20 Pagesand Advertising Course Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theory, casesRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4920 Words   |  20 PagesAdvertising Course Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theoryRead MoreMarket Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco Industry2906 Words   |  12 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TOBACCO CURRENT MARKET IN SRI LANKA 2 2.0 SRI LANKAN TOBACCO MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 3 2.1 THE PRIVATE AND SOCIAL COSTS OF SMOKING 5 2.1.1 Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking 5 2.1.2 Explaining the Market Failure 5 3.0 TAXATION AND REGULATIONS 7 3.1 COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE INDUSTRY 7 3.2 INDIRECT TAXES AND PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 9 4.0 PROBLEMS AND FUTURE FORECAST 10 4.1 PROBLEMS 10 4.2 FUTURE FORECAST 11 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 REFERENCES 14 Read MoreA Brief Note On The And Dental Caries And Periodontal Diseases And Non Tobacco Users3209 Words   |  13 Pagesthat this increased susceptibility may be due in part to nicotine, a primary active component of tobacco. Five bacterial species and one yeast species commonly found in the human oral cavity, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Rothia dentocariosa, Entercoccus faecalis, and Candida albicans respectively, were utilized to investigate if any correlation existed between exposure to various concentrations of nicotine ranging from 0 to 32 mg/ml and the growth of each microorganismRead MoreEssay A Review of Qualitative Research on Teenage Smoking Habits6156 Words   |  25 PagesA Review of Qualitative Research on Teenage Smoking Habits Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V-O103 Introduction to Nursing Research September 20, 2012 Introduction The purpose of this document is to summarize the contents of the research article, explain the research methods implemented, and offer insight on how the findings contribute to nursing practice. Second, there will be an explanation of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research. Finally, the source documentRead MoreNicotine Cell Proliferation And Invasion1807 Words   |  8 PagesJournal Assignment 2 Background Purpose of the research The purpose of this research is to show that nicotine induces cell proliferation and invasion as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), even though nicotine is not carcinogenic on its own. These series of inductions of mechanisms lead to lung cancer as well as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. Type of cells chosen for study The lung cancer cells especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are the primary target cells for

African Americans During The Tuskegee Experiment - 1226 Words

During the time period of 1939-1948 African Americans were fighting for a double victory. The double â€Å"V† was in reference to the two victories: Victory against the enemy at home, and victory against the enemy overseas. Fighting for the double victory was important, because African American men needed health care so they participated in the Tuskegee experiments, they wanted integration in the US military and had plenty of testimonies on the front, and while the soldiers were at war blacks at home seized the opportunity to utilize propaganda to reveal the ironies of fighting for democracy overseas when their rights on the home front were so restricted. One of the things that African American men did was participated in the Tuskegee†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The veteran Tuskegee Airmen found themselves in high demand through the newly formed U.S. air force.†(African Americans and the Tuskegee Experiments document) Another thing African Americas did during th is time was participated in the war. This was part of the double victory blacks wanted. There were many testimonies on the front discussed in the documents of this chapter. The soldiers would write letters and tell their experiences to the others back home. A lot of soldiers would write to the well-known black newspapers like the Pittsburgh Courier, and Crisis. One of the letters to the Pittsburgh Courier from Private John S. Lyons elaborated on how deplorable the conditions were for black soldiers. â€Å"There is an instance of our present Commanding Officer throwing away a colored soldier’s discharge papers.†(Testimony from the front Private John S. Lyons) This was one of many incidents where African American soldiers were mistreated. Black soldiers were made to do strenuous work compared to the white soldiers. They were not given adequate amount of rest time between performing their duties. There were also, black women in the war that were continually discriminated against as well. Private First Class Gladys O. Thomas-Anderson went into great details on what she endured being a black woman serving in the military. She explained how she and others had to maintain their clothes as well asShow MoreRelatedEssay on tuskegee syphilis study1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study was an unethical prospective study based on the differences between white and black males that began in the 1930’s. This study involved the mistreatment of black males and their families in an experimental study of the effects of untreated syphilis. With very little knowledge of the study or the disease by participants, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study can be seen as one of the worst forms of injustices in the United States history. Even though one could argue that the studyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Experiment1713 Words   |  7 PagesMedical experiments on human subjects carry a great deal of ethical dilemma. In the United States, there have been va rious experiments made on human subjects that raised the ire of many people in the society. Many of the subjects were subject to drug experimentation, risky operations and being infected with diseases just to know how the disease affects the body. One of these experiments is the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment conducted to unknowing subjects for 40 years. The Deadly Deception: Tuskegee SyphilisRead MoreRacism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study | | This essay examines the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, wherein for 40 years (1932-1972) hundreds of black men suffering from advanced syphilis were studied but not treated. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards; primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racismRead MoreMedical Research: Tuskegee Syphilis and Nazi Human Experiments678 Words   |  3 Pagesmedical research, you probably think of lab rats. The â€Å"lab rats† in both Tuskegee syphilis study and the nazi human experiments were living human beings. History repeats itself as the two studies occur with the same intention and procedures. It was a result of ignorance and the idea of hierarchy: superiority and inferiority. The inhumane action of the researchers led to policies that protects against barbarous experiments. Tuskegee syphilis study started in 1932 with a good intention, scientists wereRead MoreBad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment by James H. Jones1734 Words   |  7 PagesBad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment by James H. Jones Introduction The book BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT by James H. Jones was a very powerful compilation of years of astounding research, numerous interviews, and some very interesting positions on the ethical and moral issues associated with the study of human beings under the Public Health Service (PHS). The Tuskegee study had nothing to do with treatment Â… it was a nontherapeutic experiment, aimed at compiling dataRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study Is Still Alive1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study is Still Alive Cells that live and multiply forever were harvested and cultured from a black woman named Henrietta Lacks. Many people made a profit off of her cells, and she nor her family knew anything about it. â€Å"Black scientists and technicians, many of them women, used cells from a black woman to help save the lives of millions of Americans, most of them white. And they did so on the same campus- and at the very same time- that state officials were conducting the infamousRead MoreThe Tuskegee Study Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Clinton in 1997 apologized for the harm caused by what might be called as America’s most notorious medical experiments, ‘The Tuskegee Study’ saying â€Å"The legacy of the study at Tuskegee has reached far and deep, in ways that hurt our progress and divides our nation. We cannot be one America when a whole segment of our nation has no trust in America. An apology is the first step, and we take it with a commitment to rebuild that br oken trust. We can begin by making sure there is never againRead MoreEthical Issues in Modern Medicine1094 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Modern Medicine Introduction When it comes to the Guatemalan syphilis experiment and the Tuskegee experiment both were two unique experiments. Recently, the United States apologized last year for the experiment, done in Tuskegee which was meant to test the drug penicillin. However, Two years before that, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius made an apology for the experiment conducted in Guatemala. With that said, the researcher rejects the case that a utilitarianRead MoreBad Blood: the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essays1709 Words   |  7 PagesANALYSIS OF THE BOOK BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT Dr. Bradley Moody PUAD 6010 By 22 November 2004 Introduction The book BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT by James H. Jones was a very powerful compilation of years of astounding research, numerous interviews, and some very interesting positions on the ethical and moral issues associated with the study of human beings under the Public Health Service (PHS). The Tuskegee study had nothing to do with treatmentRead MoreBreach Of Ethics And The Tuskegee Study1455 Words   |  6 PagesBreach of Ethics Provisions in the Tuskegee study shown in the movie, Miss Evers’ Boys] The nursing code of Ethics was developed to improve the quality of nursing care and ethical responsibilities of the Registered Nurse. The first formal Nursing Code of Ethics was established in 1950 (American Nurses Association, 2015). In 1926, the American Nurses Association adopted a â€Å"suggested† code that gave an outline of ethical behavior for nurses (American Nurses Association, 2015). By following the Nursing

E2020 Course Work Free Essays

Assignment 10: Promotion and Advertising In Section 10, you learned about promotion and advertising of a business. Now, you’ll apply what you learned to your company idea. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on E2020 Course Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Will your company use advertising as a promotional strategy? If so, which types of advertising will you use? If not, why not? We will use advertisement. We will use word of mouth and a good community. 2. Will your company use public relations as a promotional strategy? If so, describe at least two ways you will communicate with the public. 2-6 sentences. 2. 0 points) Yes we will use public relations as a promotional. We will give promotional items and gear out ot popular internet personas. Also we would do AMAs on Reddit. com 3. Describe at least two things your company could do in order to try to get publicity. TIP: If this includes press releases, describe what the release or releases would be about. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) We would hold live streams answering questions and talking with fans. Get a article in Gameinformer. 4. Choose a type of advertisement (newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, and so on) to research, and then answer the following questions. a. Find the Web site for a company that sells this type of advertisement (such as newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, or another type of ad). What is this company’s name? (0. 5 points) Google adwords. b. Describe at least one type of advertisement you can purchase from this company, including any details about the size, length, color, or other features of the advertisement. (2-6 sentences. . 0 points) You can buy online advertisement. You can do a couple of sentences. It is pay per click. c. How much does this type of advertisement cost? (1-2 sentences. 1. 0 points) It will cost around 16 cents per click d. Do you think this type of advertisement would be effective for your company? Why or why not? (2-5 sentences. 2. 0 points) No I don’t. The amount of people who actually clicks it would be low and the amount who buy are lower. 5. Choose a different type of advertisement to research, and then answer the following questions. . Find the Web site for a company that sells this type of advertisement (such as newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, or another type of ad). What is this company’s name? (0. 5 points) Yuma sun b. Describe at least one type of advertisement you can purchase from this company, including any details about the size, length, color, or other features of the advertisement. (2-6 sentences. 2. 0 points) They have newspaper ads and you get photos and words c. How much does this type of advertisement cost? 1-2 sentences. 1. 0 points) it cost 22 dollars. d. Do you think this type of advertisement would be effective for your company? Why or why not? (2-5 sentences. 2. 0 points) Yes a lot of people like to support local efforts. 6. Describe at least 2 features of your product or service. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) We create fun and immersive games. Inexpensive and high quality. 7. Describe at least 2 benefits of your product or service. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) It will allow you to spend hours in one game. How to cite E2020 Course Work, Essay examples

Developing Coaching Skills in the Workplace free essay sample

Skills’ coaching focuses on the core skills that an individual/team needs to perform in their role. Skills’ coaching provides an adaptable and flexible approach to skills development for business and individual needs. It focuses on what the person is lacking in, in order to get them up to standard. Performance coaching is a tool used for a more one to one session focusing on the individuals needs whether it is within the work place or work-life balance. It is aimed at enhancing the individuals performance needs to increase their effectiveness and productivity. Non-directive coaching is coaching where the coach asks questions to allow people to find their own solutions. A non-directive coach will not offer advice and rarely even give suggestions, although through skillful questioning they will help someone to see their situation from a different perspective, gain clarity, uncover options, challenge inconsistencies and hold them accountable to their actions. Directive coaching is where the coach offers solutions, tools and techniques for moving forward. Sometimes it may be useful to offer solutions, however the danger is that the solution may not be quite appropriate for the situation and consequently people may not feel fully committed to the solution provided. Coaching is not to be confused with other development methods such as mentoring or counselling. Coaching is a teaching, training or development process via which an individual is supported while achieving a specific personal or professional goal. Mentoring is a personal development relationship in which a more experienced or more knowledgeable person helps to guide a less experienced or less knowledgeable person. Counselling is a highly skilled intervention focussed on helping individuals address underlying psychological problems. Coaching can be used to help organisational objectives as it can assist performance management, it can help to prepare and support people in leadership roles and also help to support learning and development. The Role of the Coach Initiates the partnering conversation regarding the pace and direction of the sessions, which is based on the coachees desired outcomes from the coaching relationship †¢Encourages the coachees thinking and actions toward forward movement †¢Consciously uses the coachees responses to develop powerful questions and observations that may be relevant to the coachees creation of forward movement †¢Holds coachee accountable for his/her own progress and does not own the actions †¢Links the session by session outcomes to the overall goals of the coachee The Role of the Coachee Commits to and trusts in the coaching process †¢Takes ownership for his/her progress †¢Is open and honest with the coach †¢Shares information with the coach †¢Listens to the coachs observations, determines how to use them, or determines to disregard them †¢Makes commitments to action †¢Follows through on commitments †¢Is accountable for his/her own actions, growth, and progress †¢Is dedicated and committed to taking both small and large steps to achieve the agreed upon outcomes †¢Cooperates fully in the coaching process or discusses why cooperation is not possible The benefits for the individual can be: †¢increased motivation and commitment †¢clearer goals and objectives †¢improved ability to deal with change As far as the organisation is concerned, there are obvious advantages in having motivated employees, committed to achieving clear goals and improving performance. There should be greater productivity and more self – reliance amongst the employees, with less need for regular supervision by management. This can be particularly helpful in organisations where employees are dispersed over a number of offices or site and need to be able to work independently and to be self – motivating. The following options can help establish a corporate coaching culture: External personal coaching Companies intuitively recognize that it is desirable for senior managers to have an external coach but companies don’t extend this consideration to mid and junior level managers, and that is a mistake. Managers at all levels benefit in exactly the same way from discrete, private and confidential coaching that allows the exploration of sensitive personal and professional material Team leadership coaching Team leadership coaching is less expensive than private coaching but can be equally powerful. This involves a group of managers who work collectively with one coach or a limited team of coaches for a combination of group and individual sessions. The use of clinically trained team leadership coaches allows subsequent coaching to become part of a longer-term personal and professional development that is integrated into the larger organizational system and strategic direction. A popular trend in executive coaching is the development of a team of coaches within the organisation. Aside from being less expensive than external coaches, internal coaches have the advantage of already understanding the organisation’s business issues and internal dynamics. Also, if they have leadership experience in the organisation, they may find it easier to gain the respect of the executive and build rapport. On the other hand, internal coaches usually have less coaching and feedback experience than external coaches, with fewer opportunities to practice and maintain their coaching skills. They may lack a cross? organisational perspective that would allow them to put the executive’s behaviour in the context of what is normal and healthy in other organisations (the internal coach may be â€Å"blinded† by their experience in the company).